Sei Dhaimani Iine Kufambisa Kunopisa Kunoshamisa Kwakadaro?
Zvinhu zveDiamondi Heat Sink: Remangwana reKutarisira Kupisa kweMagetsi Ane Simba Rakawanda
Sezvo michina yemagetsi ichiramba ichiwedzera kuva midiki, inokurumidza, uye ine simba, manejimendi yekupisa yave imwe yematambudziko makuru anotarisana nemaindasitiri emazuva ano. Kubva kuma semiconductor ane simba guru uye masisitimu ekutaurirana e5G kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi, electronics dzemuchadenga, uye nzvimbo dzekombiyuta dzeAI, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwesimba remagetsi kunoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro emuchina uye kuvimbika kwawo.
Zvishandiso zvechinyakare zvekutarisira kupisa zviri kusvika pamiganhu yazvo zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vaongorori nevagadziri vari kutsvaga zvinhu zvechizvarwa chinotevera zvinoparadzira kupisa zvine mafambiro epamusoro ekupisa, kuwedzera kupisa kushoma, uye hunhu hwakareruka.
Pakati pezvinhu zvose zvinozivikanwa, dhaimani inoonekwa seimwe yemhinduro dzinovimbisa dzekutarisira kupisa.
Sei Kupisa Kunoshanda Kwakakosha Kwazvo?
Kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa tekinoroji ye semiconductor kwakaita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekubatanidza zvinhu uye kuwedzera kwekupisa mukati mezvishandiso zvemagetsi. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera:
- Kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina kushoma
- Hupenyu hwechikamu chakapfupikiswa
- Kushushikana kwekupisa uye kukuvara kwechimiro
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekukundikana kwehurongwa
Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, maindasitiri anowanzo shandisa mhinduro dzakadai se:
- Mapepa eGraphite
- Zvinhu zveGraphene
- Zvinhu zvekushandisa pakupisa (TIMs)
- Mapaipi ekupisa
- Makamuri eutsi
- Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi yepamusoro
Kunyange zvazvo matekinoroji aya achipa zvakanakira, mazhinji ari kunetseka kusangana nezvinodiwa zviri kukura zvemagetsi echizvarwa chinotevera ane simba guru, kunyanya uko magadzirirwo akatetepa zvikuru, zvivakwa zvakareruka, uye kugona kubvisa kupisa kwakanyanya kunodiwa.
Izvi zvakaita kuti vanhu vafarire zvinhu zvinopisa zvine kabhoni, kunyanya madhaimani.
Dhaimani: Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofambisa kupisa zvakanyanya pasi rose
Dhaimani inozivikanwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chakaoma zvikuru chezvisikwa, asi kutenderera kwayo kwekupisa kunoshamisawo.
Kutaura zvazviri, dhaimani remhando yepamusoro rinogona kuratidza hunhu hwekupisa hwakapetwa kashanu pane mhangura, zvichiita kuti rive rimwe rezvinhu zvinofambisa kupisa zvinonyanya kushanda zviripo.
Kusiyana nesimbi, idzo dzinonyanya kutakura kupisa kuburikidza nemaerekitironi akasununguka, dhaimani inotamisa kupisa kuburikidza nekudengenyeka kwelattice kunozivikanwa semaphononi.
Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakasiyana chekristaro, dhaimani inopa:
- Kupisa kwakanyanya kwazvo
- Chiyero chekuwedzera kwekupisa chakaderera zvikuru
- Kudzivirira kwemagetsi kwakanaka kwazvo
- Simba guru re dielectric
- Kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwakanaka
- Simba rinoshamisa remakanika
Zvinhu izvi zvinoita kuti dhaimani ive chinhu chakanakira michina yekupisa yepamusoro, semiconductor substrates, laser systems, uye mashandisirwo emagetsi ane simba guru ekurongedza.
Kufambisa Kwekupisa Kwemhando Dzemadhaimani Akasiyana
Haasi madhaimani ese ane mashandiro akafanana ekupisa. Kufambiswa kwekupisa kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekuchena kwekristaro, kuwanda kwezvakaremara, huwandu hwetsvina, uye chimiro chekristaro.
Dhaimondi inowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira:
- Rudzi Ia
- Rudzi rweIb
- Rudzi IIa
- Rudzi IIb
Pakati padzo, dhaimani rerudzi rwechipiria rinoonekwa semhando yakachena kwazvo, rine huwandu hwakaderera hwenitrogen neboron tsvina. Nekuda kweizvozvo, rinoratidza kupisa kwakanyanya.
Maitiro akajairika ekupisa anosanganisira:
| Rudzi rwedhaimani | Kufambisa kwekupisa patembiricha yemumba (W/m·K) |
| Rudzi Ia | 600–1000 |
| Rudzi IIa | 2000–2200 |
| Dhaimondi yeCVD Yakachena Zvikuru | Kusvika 2200+ |
Pakushandisa thermal management, Type IIa single-crystal diamond uye CVD polycrystalline diamond yemhando yepamusoro ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa.
Dhaimondi Inoita Sei Kuti Ipise?
Chakavanzika chiri mumaumbirwo eatomu edhaimani.
Dhaimondi ine cubic crystal lattice umo atomu yega yega yekabhoni inosunganidzwa kumaatomu mana ekabhoni ari pedyo kuburikidza nekubatana kwakasimba kwe sp³ covalent, zvichigadzira chimiro che tetrahedral chakasimba zvikuru.
Nekuti maerekitironi ese evalence akasungwa zvakasimba mukati mezvisungo izvi zvecovalent, dhaimani haina maerekitironi akasununguka saka inoshanda sechinodzivirira magetsi.
Zvisinei, kutakurwa kwekupisa mudhaimani kunoshanda zvikuru.
Kutamiswa Kwekupisa Kuburikidza NemaPhononi
Mudhaimani, simba rekupisa rinotakurwa zvakanyanya nemaphononi—kuteterera kwemaatomu mukati mekristaro.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekutapurirana kwekupisa kunoenderana nenzira yakasununguka yephonon, iyo inomiririra daro rinogona kufamba nemaphonon asati apararira.
Zvinhu zvinoderedza kupisa kwemhepo zvinosanganisira:
- Kusviba kwenitrogen
- Zvisaririra zvesimbi zvinokonzeresa
- Kukanganisika kwekristaro
- Kubviswa kwenzvimbo
- Miganhu yezviyo
- Kutsemuka kwemicroscope
- Kukanganiswa kweLattice
Kana maphononi akaroverana nezvikanganiso izvi, kufamba kwawo kunokanganiswa, zvichiita kuti kushanda kwekupisa kushoma.
Saka, kana dhaimani rakachenesesa uye rakanyatsogadzirwa zvakanaka, ndipo panowedzera kufambiswa kwemafuta emuchadenga. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti nei dhaimani reType IIa nedhaimani reCVD remhando yepamusoro zvichiratidza kushanda kwemafuta emuchadenga zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nemamwe madhaimani.
Mabhenefiti eDiamondi Heat Spreaders
Zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvemazuva ano zvekutarisira kupisa, madhaimani anoparadzira kupisa ane mabhenefiti akawanda akakosha:
Kufambisa Kwekupisa Kwakanyanya-Kwakanyanya
Kubvisa kupisa nekukurumidza kunobatsira kuchengetedza tembiricha yekushanda yakasimba kunyangwe kana simba rakawanda.
Kuwedzera Kwekupisa Kwakaderera
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kwedhaimani kunenge 0.8 × 10⁻⁶/K, zvichienderana zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvakawanda zve semiconductor uye zvichideredza kushushikana kwekupisa.
Kudzivirira Magetsi
Kusiyana nemhangura kana aruminiyamu, dhaimani inopa kufambiswa kwemhepo kwakanaka pasina kukanganisa kuparadzaniswa kwemagetsi.
Dhizaini Yakareruka
Dhaimondi inogonesa kugadzirisa kupisa kwakatetepa uye kwakareruka kwemidziyo yemagetsi midiki.
Kuvimbika Kwenguva Refu
Kusashanda zvakanaka kwedhaimani uye hunhu hwayo hwemakanika hunobatsira kuti igare kwenguva refu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekushanda.
Mashandisirwo eDaimondi Inofambisa Mafuta Akawanda
Sezvo matekinoroji ekugadzira achiramba achifambira mberi, zvinhu zvinobvisa kupisa kwemadhaimani zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mu:
Zvishandiso zveSemiconductor
- Magetsi emagetsi eGaN
- SiC power modules
- Midziyo yeRF inofamba-famba zvakanyanya
- Tekinoroji yepamusoro yekurongedza
Masisitimu eLaser
- Madiode elaser ane simba guru
- MaLaser emhando yakasimba
- Midziyo yelaser yemaindasitiri
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemuchadenga
- Masisitimu ekutaurirana nesatellite
- Mamodule eradar
- Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinopisa zvakanyanya
Nzvimbo dzeUngwaru hwekugadzira neDhata
- Zvinokurumidzisa zveAI
- Ma processor anoshanda zvakanyanya
- Mapuratifomu epamusoro emakombiyuta
Midziyo yeOptical nePhotonic
- Zvikamu zvemaziso zvakanyatsonaka
- Masisitimu e LED ane simba guru
- Maseketi akabatanidzwa ePhotonic
Nyanzvi dzeindasitiri dzinoona madhaimani seimwe yezvinhu zvinovimbisa zvikuru zvekutarisira kupisa muchizvarwa chinotevera zvemagetsi epamusoro uye matekinoroji e semiconductor.
Remangwana reMatekinoroji eKutarisira Kupisa kweMadhaimani
Sezvo kuwanda kwemagetsi kuri kuramba kuchikwira mumaindasitiri e semiconductor, telecommunications, mota, uye aerospace, kudiwa kwemhinduro dzepamusoro dzekupisa kuchawedzera chete.
Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuenderera mberi mukugadzirwa kwetekinoroji dzeHPHT neCVD dzekugadzira madhaimani, zvinhu zvedhaimani zvinoshandisa thermal conductivity zviri kuwanikwa zviri nyore uye zvinodhura zvishoma kupfuura kare.
Kubva pakurongedza zvinhu zve semiconductor kusvika kumacomputer eAI uye masisitimu emuchadenga, madhaimani ari kuchinja kubva pakuva chinhu chakakosha kuenda kune chinhu chakakosha chinobatsira magetsi echizvarwa chinotevera.
Musanganiswa wayo usingaenzaniswi wekufambisa kupisa, kuputira magetsi, kuwedzera kupisa kushoma, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemuchina kunoita kuti dhaimani ive chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvekutarisira kupisa mune ramangwana.