Ukujonga Ngokunzulu iPolycrystalline Diamond: Iipropati, Ukwenziwa, kunye nezicelo

Idayimani yePolycrystalline (PCD) yinto emangalisayo edibanisa ubulukhuni obumangalisayo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwedayimani yekristale enye kunye neenzuzo ezongezelelweyo ze-anisotropy ephuculweyo kunye nokumelana nempembelelo, ezifana nezinto ze-carbide. Ezi mpawu zenza i-PCD ifaneleke kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezifuna amandla, kubandakanya ukutsalwa kweoyile negesi, ukuhlolwa kwamalahle kunye nejoloji, kunye nokucutshungulwa koomatshini.

Imvelaphi yePolycrystalline Diamond

Idayimani yePolycrystalline idla ngokuthelekiswa nedayimani yendalo enekristale enye, eyaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo. Kwindalo, kukho olunye uhlobo lwedayimani olungaqhelekanga, olwaziwa ngokuba yi ikhabhonadookanye idayimani emnyama, yafunyanwa. Ngokungafaniyo needayimani zekristale enye, icarbonado yinto eyenziwe ngepolycrystalline eyenziwe ziikristale ezininzi ezincinci zedayimani, ezixutywe nezixa ezincinci zokungcola. Esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo, ngenxa yokungabikho kweendawo zokuqhekeka, sibangela ubulukhuni obuphezulu, amandla, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kude kudlule needayimani zemveli zekristale enye.

Iindlela zokwenziwa kwePolycrystalline Diamond

Ukudalwa kwedayimani yepolycrystalline kufuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo eziphambili, nganye inika iingenelo ezithile kunye nemingeni kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esicetywayo.

1. Ukwenziwa Kwezinto Eziqhumayo:
   Kule ndlela, izikhongozeli ezimelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa ubushushu obukhulu kunye namandla e-kinetic aveliswa kukuqhuma. Amandla avelayo achaphazela amaphepha esinyithi kwiishiti zegrafiti, nto leyo edala imeko-bume ekhawulezayo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu eguqula igrafiti ibe yidayimani ye-polycrystalline encinci. Nangona le ndlela ikhawuleza kwaye ingabizi kakhulu, ibangela iipolycrystals ezincinci nezingaqhelekanga, nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-PCD erhabaxa apho ukuchaneka kungekuko okuphambili.
2. Ukususwa koMphunga weKhemikhali oXinzelelo oluPhantsi (i-CVD):
   Inkqubo ye-CVD enoxinzelelo oluphantsi ingenisa iigesi ezinekhabhoni kwigumbi lokusabela phantsi kweemeko ezingaphantsi kwe-1 atmosphere yoxinzelelo. Ngoluhlu lweempendulo zeekhemikhali, ii-athomu zekhabhoni ezivela kwizixhobo zegesi zifakwa kumphezulu we-substrate ngendlela yeefilimu zedayimani ze-polycrystalline. Le ndlela ivelisa iifilimu ezizinzileyo kakhulu ezineempawu zobushushu ezibalaseleyo kunye nokukwazi ukufaka izinto zokusebenzisa i-doping kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo kwi-elektroniki kunye ne-optics. Nangona kunjalo, i-CVD inengxaki yexesha elide lokwenziwa kunye nemveliso ephantsi, nto leyo ebangela imingeni kwimveliso enkulu.
3. Uguqulelo oluthe ngqo:
   Le ndlela iphucukileyo ibandakanya ukuguqula i-micro-powder ye-graphite ecocekileyo kakhulu ibe yidayimani ye-polycrystalline ngokuyibeka kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-2000°C kunye ne-13 GPa). Iidayimani eziphumayo zineempawu zokusebenza ezisondela kwezo zedayimani zendalo. Nangona kunjalo, iimfuno zamandla aphezulu kunye neemeko ezingqongqo zenza le nkqubo ibe yindleko kwaye ingasebenzi kakuhle ekusetyenzisweni kwimizi-mveliso, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibekwe kwiindawo zovavanyo ngeli xesha.
4. Indlela yokunyibilikisa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu (HPHT):
   Kule ndlela yokwenza izinto, ii-polycrystalline diamond composites zenziwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu olulawulwayo (5–7 GPa) kunye nobushushu (1300–1700°C) kusetyenziswa umgubo wegrafiti, umgubo wedayimani omncinci, kunye neentsimbi zotshintsho okanye ii-alloy catalysts. Le ndlela inika umjikelo wokwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zezixhobo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakuhle kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwePolycrystalline Diamond

Idayimani yePolycrystalline iyabonakala ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esahlukileyo. Ukulungelelaniswa okungacwangciswanga kweekristale zedayimani nganye kudala izinto ezihambelana kakhulu neempawu zayo zomzimba nezekhemikhali, zibonisa ukuqina nokusebenza kakuhle kuzo zonke iindlela. Ukungabikho kweendlela zokuqhekeka kunika ukumelana okuphezulu kwempembelelo, okwenza idayimani yePolycrystalline ikwazi ukumelana nokutshayiswa kuneedayimani ezinkulu zekristale enye. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezicelo ezinempembelelo ephezulu ezidla ngokuqhekeka okanye zonakalise iikristale enye.

Ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi lemveliso xa ithelekiswa needayimani ezinkulu zekristale enye, idayimani yepolycrystalline inokuveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ezithile zoshishino. Igcina ubulukhuni kunye namandla angaqhelekanga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto exabisekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kuquka:

• Izixhobo zokubhola kunye nokusika kwimizi-mveliso:Idayimani yePolycrystalline isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izixhobo zokusika nezokomba ezisebenza kakuhle, ingakumbi kwizixhobo eziqinileyo ezifana namatye, ikhonkrithi, kunye neentsimbi eziqinileyo.
• Uphando lweoyile negesi:Ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka kunye nempembelelo kwenza i-PCD ibe yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu kwizixhobo zokugrumba kunye nokutsala kwishishini leoyile negesi.
• Imigodi kunye neJiyoloji:I-PCD isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokumba imigodi ukuze kugrunjwe amatye aqinileyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwejoloji ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokuqina kwayo.
• Ukuveliswa ngokuchanekileyo:Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa nokulungiswa koomatshini, idayimani ye-polycrystalline isetyenziswa kwizinto ezirhabaxa ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Isiphelo

Idayimani yePolycrystalline ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamashishini, ngenxa yobunzima bayo obungaqhelekanga, amandla, kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukukwazi ukwenza i-PCD kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokwenziwa kwezinto eziqhumayo, ukufakwa komphunga weekhemikhali, kunye neendlela zobushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu, kuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwayo okuqhubekayo ekuveliseni izixhobo eziphambili kunye noomatshini. Ngokudityaniswa kwayo kokuqina kwemigangatho yemizi-mveliso kunye nemveliso engabizi kakhulu, idayimani yePolycrystalline iya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bendabuko kunye nobo butsha.