Ulwazi lobungakanani beDayimane yoMbhobho weDayimane

Izinto zedayimani, njengezinto eziphucukileyo zomgubo, azichazwa kuphela ngokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali, kodwa zichazwa nangoluhlu lweempawu zomzimba. Ezi ziquka ubungakanani beesuntswana, imo yeesuntswana, indawo ethile yomphezulu, ulwakhiwo lweembobo, iimpawu zetshaja yombane, kunye noxinano olukhulu kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi. Phakathi kwezi, ukusasazwa kobungakanani beesuntswana yenye yezona parameter zibalulekileyo kwi Umgubo weDayimane imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

1. Udidi lobungakanani beenxalenye zeDayimani

Amasuntswana edayimani ngokubanzi anokwahlulwahlulwa abe ziindidi ezilandelayo zobukhulu:

• Amasuntswana e-nanometer (1–100 nm)
• Amasuntswana e-submicron (0.1–1 μm)
• Amasuntswana e-Micron (1–100 μm)
• Amasuntswana arhabaxa (100–1000 μm)

Uluhlu ngalunye lobukhulu lusetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, njengokupolisha ngokuchanekileyo, ukugaya, ukusika, kunye nokuqinisa okudityanisiweyo.

2. Iindlela zoVavanyo lobungakanani beenxalenye eziqhelekileyo

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zokulinganisa ubungakanani besuntswana ledayimani yomgubo:

1. Indlela yokwahlulwa kweLaser(isebenza kwi-nano, i-micron, kunye namasuntswana amakhulu)
2. Ukusasazwa kokukhanya okuDynamic (DLS)(ngokuyintloko yee-nanoparticles)
3. Uhlalutyo lweMifanekiso engaguqukiyo neguquguqukayo(uluhlu lwe-micron, lukwabonelela ngolwazi malunga nemilo yamasuntswana)
4. Iindlela zokutsalwa kwenkunkuma kunye ne-Centrifugal Sedimentation(ii-micron kunye nee-nano particles)
5. Ikhawuntara yeCoulter (Indlela yokuxhathisa umbane)(amasuntswana e-micron)
6. I-Electron Microscopy (SEM/TEM)(ukujonga isikali se-nano kunye ne-micron)
7. Indlela ye-Ultrasonic(amasuntswana e-micron)
8. Indlela Yokuvunyelwa Komoya(uluhlu lwe-micron, ubungakanani obuphakathi bee-particle)
9. Uhlalutyo lwesihluzo(ngesiqhelo kwiisuntswana ezinkulu kune-38 μm)

Phakathi kwezi, iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeBoreas zezi Uhlalutyo lwe-laser diffraction, ukusasazwa kokukhanya okuguquguqukayokunye Uhlalutyo lomfanekiso we-optical/microscopic.

3. Yintoni i-D50 (Ubungakanani beMedian Particle)?

D50ibhekisa kububanzi be-particle apho i-50% yobungakanani be-particle eqokelelweyo ifikelelwa khona. Ikwaziwa nangokuthi yi- ubungakanani obuphakathi besuntswana.

Umzekelo, ukuba isampuli inayo D50 = 5 μm, ithatha ukuba:

• Ama-50% amasuntswana makhulu kune-5 μm
• Ama-50% amasuntswana mancinci kune-5 μm

I-D50 yenye yezona zibonakaliso zibalulekileyo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvelisweni nasekusetyenzisweni komgubo wedayimani, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukumela ubungakanani obuphakathi bamasuntswanayezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

4. Yintoni i-D97 (i-Coarse Particle Indicator)?

D97ibhekisa kubungakanani besuntswana apho i-97% yosasazo oluqokelelweyo ifikelelwa khona.

Ithetha ukuba:

• Ama-97% amasuntswana mancinci kune-D97
• I-3% yamasuntswana makhulu kune-D97

I-D97 isetyenziswa rhoqo ukuvavanya usasazo olupheleleyoyemigubo yedayimani. Kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, abanye abathengi nabo bafuna D95, D97, okanye D98ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubukho beesuntswana ezinkulu kakhulu.

5. Iiparameter eziphambili kuHlalutyo loSasazo loBukhulu beeNgcawu

I-curve epheleleyo yokusasazwa kobungakanani be-particle idla ngokuquka ezi parameter zilandelayo:

• Umyinge (Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bamasuntswana):Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo benkqubo
• I-Median (D50):Ixabiso eliphakathi losasazo lwamasuntswana
• Imo (Ubungakanani obuphezulu):Ubungakanani besuntswana obunesantya esiphezulu
• D10:Ubungakanani bamasuntswana apho i-10% yosasazo oluqokelelweyo ifikelelwa khona
• I-D50:Ubungakanani bamasuntswana apho i-50% yosasazo oluqokelelweyo ifikelelwa khona
• I-D90:Ubungakanani bamasuntswana apho i-90% yosasazo oluqokelelweyo ifikelelwa khona

Ezi parameters xa zidibene zibonelela ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ububanzi bokusasazwa kwamasuntswana, ukufana, kunye nokuhambelana.

6. Isicwangciso soSasazo loBukhulu beeNgcawu (D10 / D50 / D90)

Kwigrafu eqhelekileyo yokusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana:

• D10imele isiphelo esihle sokusasazwa
• D50imele inqaku eliphakathi
• D90imele isiphelo esirhabaxa sosasazo

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-D10, i-D50, kunye ne-D90 busetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvavanya umgangatho ofanayo kunye nomgangatho womgubo wedayimani.

Uhlalutyo lobungakanani bamasuntswana luphawu olubalulekileyo lolawulo lomgangatho kwiimveliso zomgubo wedayimani. Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokutolikwa kwezalathisi ezifana ne-D10, i-D50, kunye ne-D90 kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo ekupolisheni, ekugayeni, nasekusebenziseni ngokuchanekileyo kwemishini.