Imicungire y'ubushyuhe bwa Diamond: Urufunguzo rwo gukemura ibibazo by'ubushyuhe bwa AI Chip

Imbogamizi Ihishe muri AI Computing

Muri 2026, ikoranabuhanga rya AI ntirizongera kugabanywa n'ingufu zo gutunganya gusa. Imbogamizi nyayo ni gushonga k'ubushyuhe.

GPU zigezweho zifite imikorere yo hejuru zishobora kurenza 2000W kuri buri chip, mu gihe ubushyuhe bugera hejuru 1000 W/cm²Kuri uru rwego, ibisubizo bisanzwe byo gukonjesha nk'ibikoresho bishyushya umuringa, imiterere ya aluminiyumu, no gukonjesha amazi biri kugera ku bushobozi bwabyo bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, gucunga ubushyuhe byabaye kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu bikoresho bya AI byo mu gisekuru gitaha.

Ibi birimo gutera inkunga inganda cyane mu bikoresho bishya: diyama.

Kuki Diyama?

Diyama si ikintu kizwi cyane gusa, ahubwo ni kimwe mu bikoresho byiza cyane bitanga ubushyuhe mu bidukikije.

Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bugera 2000–2600 W/(m·K):

• ~5× hejuru y'umuringa
• ~10× hejuru ya aluminiyumu
• ~13× hejuru ya silikoni

Ubushyuhe bwa diyama buhererekanwa ahanini binyuze mu phononi (imitingito yo mu rukuta), iterwa n'imiterere yayo ikomeye ya sp³ covalent.

Uretse kuba diyama ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, inatanga ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi:

• Kwaguka guke k'ubushyuhe→ ijyanye na Si, SiC, na GaN
• Ubwugarizi bw'amashanyarazi→ yirinda kubangamira ibimenyetso
• Ubwirinzi bwinshi→ Kwizerwa mu bihe bikomeye

Uku guhuza bituma diyama iba nziza cyane mu gucunga ubushyuhe bwa semiconductor.

Impamvu gucunga ubushyuhe ari ingenzi

Imikorere y'ubushyuhe igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwizerwe bwa chips.

Amakuru y'inganda agaragaza:

• Buri Kongeraho kwa 1°Cbishobora kugabanya ubwizerwe ku kigero cya 5% 
• Ingaruka nyinshi zo gutsindwa zigaragara hejuru 70–80°C
• Birarangiye 50% by'ibibazo by'ikoranabuhangabifitanye isano no gushyuha cyane

Kenshi na kenshi, kunoza imikorere myiza yo gukonjesha ni ingenzi kuruta kongera imbaraga za mudasobwa ubwazo.

Iyi niyo mpamvu imiti ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwa diyama isanzwe ikoreshwa muri sisitemu z'indege, ubwugarizi, na satelite, aho ubudahemuka ari ingenzi cyane.

Ikoranabuhanga Rikuru Rikoresha Ubushyuhe rya Diyama eshatu

1. Diyama/Umuringa (Icyiciro cyo gukora byinshi)

Ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi.

Uduce twa diyama twinjizwa mu muringa cyangwa aluminiyumu kugira ngo tugire ibintu bivanze bifite imikorere myiza.

Imikorere:

• Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe: 500–1000 W/(m·K)

Porogaramu:

• Modules z'amashanyarazi za EV
• Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi za seriveri
• Amatara ya LED afite ingufu nyinshi

Iyi nzira iyoboye inganda nini zatangiye gukoreshwa mu ntangiriro bitewe n’uko ikoresha igiciro n’imikorere byayo.

2. Ibikoresho byo gusiga ubushyuhe bya CVD Diamond (Igisubizo cya AI cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru)

Diyama ya CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) itanga imikorere myiza cyane y'ubushyuhe.

Imikorere:

• Kugeza 2200 W/(m·K)(diyama ifite ishusho imwe)

Ibiranga by'ingenzi:

• Ubuziranenge buri hejuru cyane
• Ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe
• Ihuye n'ibipfunyika bya semiconductor bigezweho

Porogaramu:

• AI GPU na chips za HPC
• Ibikoresho bya RF na GaN
• Gupakira ibintu bya semiconductor bigezweho

Mu 2026, Imirongo ikora imashini ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe ya diyama ya CVD ya santimetero 8yinjiye mu nganda mu musaruro, ikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu bucuruzi.

3. Guhuza Diyama mu rwego rwa Chip (Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza)

Intego y'igihe kirekire ni ugushyira diyama mu buryo butaziguye mu tubumbe duto binyuze mu buryo bwo gukura cyangwa guhuza.

Ibi byakuraho ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe buva mu gice cy'imbere cy'urukuta bushobora gukurwamo.

Ariko, imbogamizi ziracyari:

• Ubudasa bw'ibikoresho na silicon na GaN
• Uburyo bugoye bwo gukora
• Igiciro kinini cy'umusaruro

Nubwo bimeze bityo, ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwagaragaje kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe burenga 20°C, bigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye.

Kwagura Porogaramu

Ibigo by'ubukorano bw'ubwenge n'amakuru

Udupira twa AI dutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane. Ibikoresho bishyushya diyama bishobora kugabanya cyane ubushyuhe bw'imikorere no kunoza uburyo sisitemu ihamye.

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi

Module z'amashanyarazi (SiC na IGBT) muri EV zisaba uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza. Ibyuma bya diyama birimo kugeragezwa cyane muri sisitemu za inverter.

Ibikoresho bya 5G na RF

Ibice bya GaN bifite ingufu nyinshi biri mu duce tw’ibanze bigira uruhare mu kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe.

Ibyerekezo by'Indege na Satelite

Diyama isanzwe ikoreshwa mu isanzure bitewe nuko yizewe cyane mu bihe bikomeye.

Imbogamizi n'Inzitizi z'Ikiguzi

Nubwo hari ibyiza byinshi mu mikorere, ikoranabuhanga rya diyama riracyafite imbogamizi:

• Igiciro kiri hejuru(ubu ni 10–20× umuringa usubijwemo)
• Gutunganya ibintu bigoye(gukata hakoreshejwe laser no gukoresha micromachines birakenewe)
• Ingorane zo kwaguragukora ubwoko bumwe mu buso bunini

Ariko, ibiciro biri kugabanuka bitewe na:

• Gushyira ibikoresho bya CVD aho biri
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa
• Kongera umusaruro
• Igenzura ry’imikorere ryakozwe neza na AI